The Orinoco Mining Arc: The World’s Most
The Orinoco Mining Arc holds $200B in minerals—but violence, illegal mining, and environmental destruction make it the world’s riskiest critical mineral supply chain.
Orinoco Mining Arc
Africa • Nov 10, 2025
Rare Earth Mining Venezuela: Guerrilla Control and the
For months, Brigadier General Rafael Olaya Quintero, commander of the Orinoco naval force, has been chasing tin and coltan traffickers across the waterways at Colombia’s border…
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